Electrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE.

ELECTRICAL SISTEM or DISTRIBUTION.

APPIJGATIOH FILED JULY 11,1908.

S' v Patented May 2, i911.

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BLECTRISALSYSTBM 0F DISTRIBUTION.

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' WILLIAM-A. TURBAYNE, `or LANCASTER, New `z. .=nn, assis-Non. ro econo 'STORAGE BATTERYCOMPANY, A CORPORATION orne-iw Yoan.

LECTRICALYSTEM Ol? DISTRBUTIGN..

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 2, 1911.

Application led July 11, 1908. Serial No. 443,161.

B e it known that I, lVILLi'Aat A. T Un- BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lancaster, in the county of Erie, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements'in Electrical Systems of Distribution, of which the following. is a specification.

lvly invention relates to electrical systemsy of distribution and more especially to systems 1n .which a regulating dynamo or `booster ,is used to regulate the action of a storage battery to compensate for fluctuations on the system, and to systems similar thereto. In such systems the regulating machine is caused to pasev through various cycles of magnetization and inv so doing its action is retarded because of hysteresis or the lag of tlremagnetization behind the impressed voltage. Consequently when the impressed voltage reaches zero the magnetization has not reached zero and the machine fails to come to its neutral condition as it otherwise theoretically should. Such action 'fauses the battery vor other regulating' means to-lag in its regulating' action and so causes more or less of the fluctuations to fall upon the main generator.

The main object of my invention is to provide'an arrangement whereby the magnetization is made more responsive to the impressed regulating voltage and whereby the lag* due to such hysteresis is materially eliminated.

In carrying out my invention l provide a dynamo-electric machine for acting' upon the field of the regulating` dynamo, in conjunction With the usual exciter. Said dynaq moelectric machine is opposed to said exciter and its field is made more or less responsive to the action of said exciter, ln general I prefer the arrangement to be such that as the impressed voltage on the regulating machine is carried toward Zero, said opposing dynamo-electric machine acts to cause the magnetization of vthe regulating machine to conform exactly or more closely Figure l shows diagrammatically a system embodying one form of my invention; Fig'. 2 is a detail diagrammatic view of one form of my new dynamo-electric machine, and Fig'. 3 is a4 plot showing, in exaggerated form, va hysteresis loop, and the magnetization eect of my improved dynamo-electricmachine. `Figs. 4 and 5 are modifications of the system shown in Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1, A represents a main generator supplying the. distribution circuit, l, lf. Connected across the distribution circuit isa storage batteryl'B.Y and in series therewith a booster@ provided Wit-h a field C. The lfield C is connected to a regulating' dynamo l) for its excitation, and the regulatingr dynan'io D, is provided with a field D which is connected in a. circuit 2, 2, with the armature of another regulating dynamo or exciter E. The exciter E is provided with opposing field coilsE and E2, the coil E being in series inthe distribution circuit, l. f, and the coil E2 being' a voltage coil connected across the circuit, l, I. Each of,v the machines C, D and E is provided with any suitable and Well-known driving means. lfilhen the system is operating under normal conditions the forces produced by the opposing coils, E and E2 are equal and hence there is no resulting field flux for the exciter E. Therefore'the exciter will `.furnish nol excitation t0 the regulating dynamo D, and the vregulating dynamo D, will furnish no excitation `to the booster C. Under these conditions the booster will run idly and the battery will float across the circuit, l, l.

lf an increase in current occurs inthe distribution circuit l, l, the coil E will predominate over the coil E2 and a fiuX will be set up in the exciter or dynamo E which 'Will cause it to furnish an exciting regu` magneto motive thereon.

ug current to the lregula-ting dynamo D, ich in 'turn will Aexcite vthe booster' C. i is regulating current Will be in such 'direction that the boost-er Crwill generate an electr-emotive `torce to aid 'the battery B Vand cause it to discharge into the distribution circuit, I, I, and take the extra load Similarly, if a decrease in current takes place in the distribution circuit the regulating machines E and D cause the hoosterto generate an electromotive :torce in opposition to the battery so that itfafil-l take current from the distribution circuit, I, I, and become charged. lt will thus be seen that the regulating dynamo D is caused to pass through various cycles of magnetization and in the vusual sort of suoli dynamos it isinherent that the magnetization and armature voltage do not-properly respond to the magnetizing vforce, but lag,- behind considerablyy thus causing the booster C to lag ns erably in its regg'ulating` action. This la ging of the magnetization, or hysteresis,

is shown somewhat exaggerated in Fig. 3 .in Which the line M represents the magnetization or, armature volts due to the mag` netizing force when there is no lagging or hysteresis, that 1s, under ideal conditions.

'In the usual .machines, however, the magnetization or armature voltage does not so respond to the magnetizing force but lags behind as shown by the lines N, N. Thus when the magnetizingl torce is zero there is considerable residual flux in the dynamo and it will generate a considerable voltage. To'

'this I preferably Wind the ield coil F of the machine F, upon cores otl hard steel, represented by 'the reference character F2, (see F l of remanence and when the magnetizing: force is taken away 'from them the)7 will still retain, as residual flux, most of the original flux.

Consider that an overload on the system is decreasing and the einziting current in the circuit, 2, 2, is accordingly ijleereasingr, then the magnetization of the machine l) will decrease much as shown hy the line N. This Iaftion continues until the magnetizing force produced by the exciter F. becomes equal to the opposing magnetizmg torce ot the machine F, which may be at about the point P.

coresl une a area ea These "l V t d l is the voltage or the exciter E decreases 'further the opposing voltage et machine F predominates, due to the great remanence of its magnetic circuit and the residual flux it thereto re contains. The machine F, therefore, causes a demagnetizing effect upon the tield D as the voltage t the exciter Fl returns to zero and this demagnetizing effect may be represented. by the' curve Q, for since the machine F is series wound. it Will at once begin to demagnetize itself so that the niagnetization oit the machine l) Will drop trom the line N substantially to the line M along the dotted line 'lhus the actual magnetization will reach substantiallj,v zero when the voltage oit 'the exciter lil reaches zero. Thus the opposing magnetizing effect of the machine F will have removed all the residual magnetization ol the machine l) and. a curve representing` this magnetization would pass through Zero at the. point C' along the line M. llxactly similar operations take place when the niagnetizing force et the eX- citer E is decreased trom a negative .value, the polarity of the machine F changing whenc'rer 'the current in the armature ot the excite-rE changes and the iiux falling oli along 'theV line ll. ln increasing` the excitation of the machine D 'from zere in either direction the machine F merely interposes a small counter electromotive 'force which affects the magnetization curve of the machine D much as a resistance in series with the iield D would, While at. normal load the machine F has substantially no etlfeet.

The action ot' the dynamoclectric machine F may 'be adjusted vby means of a magnetic shunt which may consist of a bar F3. adjustable te be more or less in the magnetic circuitn ln 4- l have shown a similar system but with a machine F2, similar to the machine l". in series with armature D. rThe field coil F of 'the machine F also in series with tile armature ll, so that the residual fluit in tiel-ds et booster C ma)r be wiped out.

ln Fig. a still l'urtler modification shown, in which the machine F feeds an independent: field coil B2 upon the machiiu. l), and the tield coils F of the machine F are in series with the machine l).

ily the means above described, When the magnotiziug` torce applied to the regulating dynamo l) decreases and approaches zero. all the residual flux therein may be wiped out and the dynamo made to furnish the proper regulating; current responsive to the fluctuations in the exciter Fl. The lag due to hysteresis or residual. magnetism is ohviated and the n'hole system made extremely sensitive.

l do not. desire to he limited to the exact details shonf'n and described since man3v modihcations may be 'had without departcgi ing from the scope of my l.invention as defined in the appended claims, but

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a distribution circuit, a battery connected to said circuit, a dynamoelectric machine for regulating .the action.'

of said battery, an exciter for said machine responsive -to fluctuations Ain said circuit and a machineresponsive to reversals in the exsaid booster responsive to fluctuations in said circuit and a Idynamo-electric machine for opposing the action of said dynamo responsive to reversals of current in said regun lating apparatus.

3. In an electrical system of distribution,

y the combination of a distribution circuit, a

main generator therefor, a battery connected across said circuit, regulating appa-v ratus including a regulating dynamo for said battery, a dynamo for governing the action of said regulating dynamo and having opposing field coils, one of which' carries a current Which varies responsively to the current in said circuit, and a third dynamo for acting upon said regulating dynamo responsive to reversals of current in said regulating apparatus.

4. In an electrical system of distribution,

the combination of a distribution circuit, a v.storage apparatus connected to said circuit,

a regulating dynamo therefor, an exciter for Saidregulating dynamo, and a dynamo-electric machine for acting upon the field of said regulating dynamo responsive to fluctuations in said circuit.

5. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a distribution circuit, a battery in operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo for said battery, an exciter for said regulating dynamo, and a.series wound dynamo-electric machine for acting upon the field of said regulating dynamo.

6. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a distribution circuit,7 a battery in operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo for said battery, an exciter for said regulating dynamo and a dynamoelectric machine for acting upon the field of said regulating dynamo, said machine hav- -ing field windings in series with its armature and having a magnetic circuit pronounced'i'emanence as compared with said regulating dynamo and exciter..

. 7. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination 'of a distribution circuit, a

. battery in operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo for said battery, an exciter for said regulating dynamo, and a' dynamoelectric machine for acting upon the field of said regulating dynamo responsive to certain fluctuations in said circuit and means for regulating the action of said machine.

8. In an electrical system ofdistribution,

the combination of a distribution circuit, a

battery in operative relationthereto, a regulating dynamo for said battery, an exciter for said regulating dynamo, and a dynamoelectric machine for acting upon the field of said regulating dynamo and means for varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the field of said machine.

9. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a distribution circuit, a battery in operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo for said battery, an exciter for said regulating dynamo, and a dynamoelectric machine for acting upon the field of said regulating dynamo, said machine having field windings in series with its armature and a magnetic .circuit of pronounced remavnence as compared with said regulating dynamo, and meansl for'regulating the action of said machine.

l0. In an electrical system of distribution,

the combination of a regulating dynamo, an exciter in series with the field thereof and a dynamo-electric machine acting upon said field responsive to fluctuations in said exciter.

ll. I n an electrical system of distribution, the vcombination of a regulating dynamo, an exciting dynamo connected in circuit with the field thereof, and a dynamo-electric machine acting upon said field in opposition to said exciting dynamo and responsive to fluctuations' therein.

l2. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a regulating dynamo, an exciting dynamo connected in circuit with the field thereof, and. a dynamo-electric machine in series in said circuit and responsive to fiuctuations in said exciting dynamo.

18. In an electrical system of distribution, 'the combination of a regulating dynamo, a source of variable electroinotive force in series with its field for exciting it, and a dynamo-electric machine for acting upon said field vof said dynamo, haring a magnetic circuit with much greater remanence than said dynamo.

14. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a regulating dynamo, a source of electroniotive force in series with its field for exciting said field, and a dynamoelectric machine for acting upon said field in opposition to said source, said machine having a magnetic circuit of pronounced remanence.

15. In an electrical system ofvdistribution, the combination of a regulating dynamo, an exciting dynamo connected in circuit with the field thereof,:and a dynamo-electric machine in series in said circuit having a magnetic circuit of much. greater remanence than said exciting dynamo.

16. In an electrical system of distribution,

the combination'otl a regulating dynamo, an exciting dynamo connected in circuit with means for exciting the field ci said dynamo.

and a dynamo-electric machine for acting upon said ield responsive to fluctuations in said system, said machine haring a magnetic circuit of much greater remancnce than said dynamo.

1S. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination oit a regulating dynamo, op posing tield .coils thereifor and a dynamo electric machine in series with the armature of said dynamo, said machine having a inagnetic circuit of much 'greater remanence than said dynamo.

19. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination ot a regulating dynamo, and a dynamo-electric machine having field windings in series with its armature and acting in conjunction with said regulating dynamo, said machine having a magnetic cir-- cuit oit much greater remanence than said dynamo.

Q0. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination ot a regulating dynamo and a dynamo-electric machine acting in opposition thereto1 the field of said machine being responsive to. iiuctuations in the armature oi said dynamo and having a i' agnctic circuit of much greater ren'iaiunce than said dynamo.

2l. In an electrical system of distribution, thc combination of a regulating dynamo and a dynamo-electric machine acting in opposition thereto, having its field responsive to fluctuations in said dynamo and having in its magnetic circuitI a path oit hard steel.

Q2. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination ot' a. dynamo it'or regulating the strength of a field, a dynamo-electric machine having its armature arranged to act upon said field and having its tield in series with said regulating dynamo, said dynamo electric machine being provided with a magnetic circuit .which becomes saturated with a small part ot the current from said regulating dynamo.

23. In an electrical system of. distribution, the combination 'of a regulating dynamo, means for producing an exciting current'or the ield of said dynamo, and a dynamo-electric machine for acting upon said iield responsive to fluctuations in said system, said i responsive to iluctuations in the armature of said dynamo and having a magnetic circuit which becomes saturated with only a part ot the current .in the armature of said regulating dynamo.

25. The combination of a dynamo, means tending to excite the same with a variable magnetomotive torce, and means arranged to oppose the action oit said first. named meai'is to cause a reversal ot the excitation ot the dynamo as the magnetomotivc torce tending to bc produced by said first named moans approaches zero.

5. The eombinaiirm of a dynamo. means trading 'to excite the same with a variable maguctoinotivo torce, and means arranged to oppose the action oit said first named means to cause a reversal oit' the excitation ot the dynamo as the n'iagnctomotive force tending to be produced by said lirst named means approaches zero, 'aid last mentioned means including a source ot electromotivc torce and means ai"auged to cut down its opliosinf" action as the magnetization of the -d yn a. mo approaches Zero.

2'?. The combination of a dynamo, means tending to excite 'the same with a variable magnetomotivc torce, and means arranged to oppose the action ot' said first named means to cause a reversal ot the excitation ot thc dynamo tending to be produced by said first named means approaches Zero, said last mentioned me.: s including a second dynamo arranged to produce a comparruivclj' small demagnetizing action upon said irst dynamo and to reverse the este? ation ot said tirst dynamo as said first. named means tends to produce 'a magnetomotivc torce approaching zero.

The combination o a dynamo, means tending to excite thc same With a variable maguetomotive torce, and means arranged to oppose the action of said first named means to cause a, reversal ot the excitation ot vthe dynamo as the magnctomotive torce tending to be produced by said first named means approaches xero, said last mentioned means including a second dynamo arranged to produce a comparatively small demagneti/iing action upon said irst dynamo and to reverse 'the excitation of said first dynamo said rist named means tends to produce a magnetomotive torce approaching zero, said second dynamo being provided with ay winding arranged to be excited to out down its own magnotization` as the magnetization ci the first dynamo approaches zero.

as the magnetomotive force lio 29. In an electrical system of distribution, a distribution circuit, a storage battery in operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo for the battery, means tending to excite the same With a magnetomotive force responsive to variations in the electrical co'ndition of the system, and means arranged to oppose the action of said first named means to cause a reversal of the excitation of the dynamo as the magnetomotive force tending to be produced by said iirst named means approaches zero to removeremanent magnetism from said dynamo.

30. In an electrical system of distribution, a distribution circuit, a storage battery in `operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo tor` the battery, means tending to excite the same With a magnet-emotive force responsive to variationsl in the current of said circuit of the system, and means arranged to oppose the action of said first named means tocause a reversal of the eX- citation of the dynamo as the magnetomotiv'e force tending to be produced by said first named means approaches zero to remove remanent magnetism from said dynamo, said last -mentioned means including a second dynamo arranged to produce a comparatively small demagnetizing action upon saidrst dynamo' and to reverse the excitation oi*l said irst dynamo as said Erst named means tends to produce a magnetomotive force approaching zero.

3l. In an electrical system'of distribution, a distribution circuit, a sto-rage battery in operative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo for the battery, means tending to eX- cite the saine with a magnetomotive force responsive to Variations in the electricai condition of the system, and means arranged to oppose the action of said irst named .means to cause a reversal of the excitation of the dynamo as the magnetomotive force tending to be produced by said first named means approaches zero to remove remanent magnetism from said dynamo, said last mentioned .means including a second dynamo energized by a coil connected to be responsive to variations in the electrical con.- dition of the system and constructed to have its field become saturated -with onlyr a small portion of the current designed to flow through said coil.

In testimonygvvhereoi, have signed myname to this speciiicaticn, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses NIL .'ilvl A. TURBAYNE.

Witnesses: T. M. PATTERSON,

W. H. PA'ITENDEN. 

